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181. A set of standards that define how to communicate with each layer of the OSI model are ___.
a. functions
b. protocols
c. data formats
d. All of the above.
Answer: (d).All of the above.

182. The layer that transmits data in the form of bit streams using electrical and mechanical systems is ___ in the OSI model.
a. Physical layer
b. Data Link Layer
c. Network Layer
d. Transport Layer
Answer: (a).Physical layer

183. The physical layer involves ___
a. Optical, electrical and mechanical properties
b. Voltage levels, timing and frequency
c. Physical connections
d. All of the above
Answer: (d).All of the above

184. The transmission media like ___ are part of the Physical layer of OSI model.
a. Copper cables
b. OFC - Optical Fiber Cables
c. RF - Radio Frequency waves including Microwaves
d. All of the above
Answer: (d).All of the above

185. An ethernet cable is part of __ layer in the OSI model.
a. Physical layer
b. Data Link Layer
c. Network Layer
d. Transport Layer
Answer: (a).Physical layer

186. The protocols working in the physical layer of the OSI Model are ___.
a. USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16
b. POTS, PDH, SONET, SDH, PON, OTN, DSL, ITU-T V series, ITU-T G.hn PHY
c. I.430, I.431, EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449
d. All of the above
Answer: (d).All of the above

187. Which is the layer of the OSI reference model that employs Error Detection?
a. Physical Layer
b. Data Link Layer
c. Network Layer
d. Session Layer
Answer: (b).Data Link Layer

188. Which is the layer that converts Packets to Frames and Frames to Packets in the OSI model?
a. Physical Layer
b. Data Link Layer
c. Network Layer
d. Transport Layer
Answer: (c).Network Layer

189. Which is the layer that converts Raw Bitsto Frames and Frames to Raw Bits in the OSI model?
a. Physical Layer
b. Data Link Layer
c. Network Layer
d. Transport Layer
Answer: (b).Data Link Layer