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1. What is the purpose of modeling notations used during software development?
a. To convey a message between stakeholders
b. To have a precise understanding of system behaviour
c. To clarify the parts of the system
d. All of the above
Discuss
Answer: (d).All of the above
Explanation:During software development, modeling notations are used for communication between stakeholders and to convey the message. These notations can range from informal sketches to highly formal descriptions and can be used to clarify the parts of the system, have a precise understanding of system behaviour and link the diagrams with design methods.

2. What are the most common notations used in software development?
a. Natural language
b. Pictures
c. Formal language
d. Box-and-line diagrams
Discuss
Answer: (d).Box-and-line diagrams
Explanation:The most common notations used in software development are box-and-line diagrams, which can have either informal or precise semantics.

3. What is the advantage of using precise semantics in box-and-line diagrams?
a. It eliminates confusion among readers
b. It can be subjected to consistency checks
c. It can be linked to the methods that generate them
d. All of the above
Discuss
Answer: (d).All of the above
Explanation:If the semantics of box-and-line diagrams are precise, it eliminates confusion among readers, can be subjected to consistency checks, and can be linked to the methods that generate them, thus giving operationalization to their construction process.

4. What is the problem with using diagrams that have informal semantics during software development?
a. They are not understandable to the user and other non-professionals involved
b. They may cause confusion
c. They are not precise enough
d. None of the above
Discuss
Answer: (b).They may cause confusion
Explanation:If the diagrams used during software development have very informal semantics, then confusion may arise as the boxes and lines used may denote different things and not be clear to the reader.

5. What is the origin of UML?
a. SIMULA-67
b. Object-oriented analysis
c. Dataflow design
d. Functional decomposition
Discuss
Answer: (b).Object-oriented analysis
Explanation:UML evolved from some of the mainstream object-oriented analysis and design methods.

6. What is the main difference between object-oriented methods and traditional techniques?
a. Object-oriented methods focus on functions
b. Traditional techniques focus on objects
c. Object-oriented methods focus on interrelating objects
d. Traditional techniques focus on identifying objects
Discuss
Answer: (c).Object-oriented methods focus on interrelating objects
Explanation:Whereas traditional techniques focus on identifying the functions that the system is to perform, object-oriented methods focus on identifying and interrelating the objects that play a role in the system.

7. What is the Unified Modeling Language (UML)?
a. A set of traditional object-oriented analysis and design methods
b. A sample of older notations used in legacy applications
c. A mainstream modeling notation that evolved from object-oriented analysis and design methods
d. A set of diagrams primarily used during requirements engineering
Discuss
Answer: (c).A mainstream modeling notation that evolved from object-oriented analysis and design methods
Explanation:UML is a mainstream modeling notation that evolved from some of the mainstream object-oriented analysis and design methods.

8. What is the main focus of object-oriented methods?
a. Identifying the functions that the system is to perform
b. Identifying and interrelating the objects that play a role in the system
c. Highlighting the differences with traditional design methods
d. All of the above
Discuss
Answer: (b).Identifying and interrelating the objects that play a role in the system
Explanation:Object-oriented methods focus on identifying and interrelating the objects that play a role in the system.

9. What are the concepts that show up in many UML diagram types?
a. Object, attribute, class, relationship
b. Function, decomposition, dataflow design
c. SIMULA-67 and Smalltalk
d. Requirements analysis
Discuss
Answer: (a).Object, attribute, class, relationship
Explanation:The concepts of object, attribute, class, and relationship show up in many UML diagram types.

10. What is Entity--Relationship Modeling (ERM)?
a. A data modeling technique
b. A software development technique
c. A programming language technique
d. A formal language technique
Discuss
Answer: (a).A data modeling technique
Explanation:ERM is a data modeling technique that was pioneered by Chen in the seventies.

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