Q. What did Sutherland's efforts with Sketchpad demonstrate regarding the history of computing?

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Q. When was the live demonstration of Douglas Engelbart's oNLine System (NLS) given?

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Q. What is bootstrapping in the context of computing?

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Q. Why did Engelbart's team of programmers concentrate on developing programming tools?

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Q. What is the advantage of using programming toolkits in computing?

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Q. What was the focus of increasing the usability of computing technology with the advent of personal computing?

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Q. Why is it essential for a personal computer system to be flexible in its ability to 'change the topic' during a user-computer dialogue?

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Q. What is one presentation mechanism for achieving dialog partitioning and separating different logical threads of user-computer conversation on the display device?

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Q. Which company introduced the interaction devices of windows, icons, menus, and pointers (WIMP interface) to the commercial marketplace in April 1981?

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Q. In which earlier experimental system did many of the interaction techniques underlying the WIMP interface first appear?

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Q. What does WIMP stand for in the context of the WIMP interface?

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Q. What is the purpose of physically separating the presentation of different logical threads of user-computer conversation using windows?

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Q. How are metaphors used to teach new concepts in terms of ones already understood?

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Q. What was the metaphor used in the Xerox Alto and Star workstations to link tasks associated with file manipulation?

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Q. What is one drawback of relying solely on a metaphor for a computer application?

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Q. What problem can arise when designers try too hard to make a metaphor stick in a computing system?

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Q. What does a metaphor in a virtual reality system involve?

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Q. Why can metaphors be problematic in the context of growing internationalization of software?

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Q. Which personal computer introduced the concept of direct manipulation and the desktop metaphor for file management?

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Q. How does the direct manipulation interface represent files and directories in the desktop metaphor?

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