Q. The Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) protocol is an extension of the OSPF protocol that uses multicast routing to create source-based trees. The protocol is based on _______ routing.

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Q. MOSPF is a _______ protocol.

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Q. _________ broadcasts packets, but creates loops in the systems.

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Q. In RPF, a router forwards only the copy that has traveled the _______ path from the source to the router.

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Q. RPF eliminates the ________ in the flooding process.

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Q. RPF guarantees that each network receives only ____ of the multicast packet.

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Q. RPB creates a shortest path _______ tree from the source to each destination.v

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Q. RPB guarantees that each destination receives _________ of the packet.

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Q. In ________, the multicast packet must reach only those networks that have active members for that particular group.

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Q. _______ adds pruning and grafting to _______ to create a multicast shortest path tree that supports dynamic membership changes.

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Q. __________ is an implementation of multicast distance vector routing. It is a source-based routing protocol, based on RIP.

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Q. DVMRP is a ________routing protocol, based on RIP.

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Q. Pruning and grafting are strategies used in _______.

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Q. A _______ message tells an upstream router to stop sending multicast messages for a specific group through a specific router.

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Q. A _______ message tells an upstream router to start sending multicast messages for a specific group through a specific router.

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Q. CBT is a ________ protocol that uses a core as the root of the tree.

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Q. PIM-DM is used in a _______ multicast environment, such as a LAN.

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Q. PIM-SM is used in a _______multicast environment such as a WAN.

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Q. In _______, a logical tunnel is established by encapsulating the multicast packet inside a unicast packet.

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Q. If routing information is automatically updated by routers when changes are made to the network configuration are called

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