Question

How can inlining and outlining be combined to create an effective obfuscation technique?

a.

By duplicating random pieces of code and creating dedicated functions for them

b.

By replacing every call into a function with an actual in-place copy of it and then outlining the duplicated functions

c.

By eliminating the internal abstractions created by the software developer and then outlining the code sequences

d.

None of the above

Posted under Reverse Engineering

Answer: (b).By replacing every call into a function with an actual in-place copy of it and then outlining the duplicated functions Explanation:One interesting enhancement suggested in [Collberg3] is to combine inlining with outlining in order to create a highly potent transformation. This means that you replace every call into a function with an actual in-place copy of it and then outline the duplicated functions.

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