Q. The divisor in a cyclic code is normally called the _________.

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Q. A generator that contains a factor of ____ can detect all odd-numbered errors.

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Q. Checksums use _________ arithmetic.

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Q. In one's complement arithmetic, if positive 7 is 0111, then negative 7 is ________.

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Q. The checksum of 1111 and 1111 is _________.

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Q. The checksum of 0000 and 0000 is __________.

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Q. In a Go-Back-N ARQ, if the window size is 63, what is the range of sequence numbers?

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Q. In Go-Back-N ARQ, if frames 4, 5, and 6 are received successfully, the receiver may send an ACK _______ to the sender.

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Q. ARQ stands for _______.

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Q. For Stop-and-Wait ARQ, for 10 data packets sent, _______ acknowledgments are needed.

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Q. HDLC is an acronym for _______.

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Q. Data link control deals with the design and procedures for ______ communication.

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Q. _______ in the data link layer separates a message from one source to a destination, or from other messages going from other sources to other destinations.

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Q. In _______ framing, there is no need for defining the boundaries of frames.

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Q. In ________ framing, we need a delimiter (flag) to define the boundary of two frames.

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Q. In a ________ protocol, the data section of a frame is a sequence of characters.

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Q. In a _________ protocol, the data section of a frame is a sequence of bits.

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Q. In _________ protocols, we use ________.

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Q. Byte stuffing means adding a special byte to the data section of the frame when there is a character with the same pattern as the ______.

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Q. In ________ protocols, we use ________.

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