Q. A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary site. This is

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Q. A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary and the backup site.This is

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Q. If only the primary is active, the transaction is allowed to commit as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary site. This is

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Q. Once the lower-level lock is released, the operation cannot be undone by using the old values of updated data items, and must instead be undone by executing a compensating operation; such an operation is called

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Q. Which of the following is used for undo operations alone ?

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Q. Redo operations are performed exclusively using

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Q. To perform logical redo or undo, the database state on disk must be operation ___________ that is, it should not have partial effects of any operation.

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Q. An operation is said to be __________ if executing it several times in a row gives the same result as executing it once.

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Q. Immediate database modification technique uses

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Q. Shadow paging has

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Q. For correct behavior during recovery, undo and redo operation must be

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Q. If ___________ are not obtained in undo operation it will cause problem in undo-phase.

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