Q. In ________ we try to avoid traffic congestion.

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Q. In _________, we try to create an appropriate environment for the traffic.

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Q. Traffic ______ are qualitative values that represent a data flow.

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Q. The _______ defines the maximum data rate of the traffic.

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Q. The________ normally refers to the maximum length of time the traffic is generated at the peak rate.

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Q. The ________ is a function of three values: average data rate, peak data rate, and maximum burst size.

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Q. A _________ traffic model has a data rate that does not change.

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Q. In the ________ traffic model, the rate of the data flow changes in time, with the changes smooth instead of sudden and sharp.

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Q. In the ______ traffic model, the data rate changes suddenly in a very short time.

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Q. _______ happens in any system that involves waiting.

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Q. Congestion in a network or internetwork occurs because routers and switches have _______.

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Q. In a network, when the load is much less than the capacity of the network, the delay is _________.

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Q. In a network, when the load reaches the network capacity, the delay _______.

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Q. In a network, when the load is below the capacity of the network, the throughput ______________.

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Q. In a network, after the load reaches the capacity, throughput _______.

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Q. In ________ congestion control, policies are applied to prevent congestion before it happens.

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Q. In _______ congestion control, mechanisms are used to alleviate congestion after it happens.

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Q. The technique of ________refers to a congestion control mechanism in which a congested node stops receiving data from the immediate upstream node or nodes.

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Q. A ___________ is a packet sent by a node to the source to inform it of congestion.

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Q. In __________, there is no communication between the congested node or nodes and the source. The source guesses that there is a congestion somewhere in the network from other symptoms.

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