Q. A _________ digital signal includes timing information in the data being transmitted.

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Q. In decoding a digital signal, the receiver calculates a running average of the received signal power, called the _______.

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Q. The ________ rate defines the number of data elements sent in 1s; the ______ rate is the number of signal elements sent in 1s.

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Q. The signal rate is sometimes called the ____ rate.

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Q. The data rate is sometimes called the ___ rate.

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Q. In a _____ scheme, all the signal levels are on one side of the time axis, either above or below.

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Q. In ______ schemes, the voltages are on the both sides of the time axis. For example, the voltage level for 0 can be positive and the voltage level for 1 can be negative.

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Q. In _____, the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit.

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Q. In ______, the change or lack of change in the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit.

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Q. The idea of RZ and the idea of NRZ-L are combined into the ________ scheme.

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Q. The idea of RZ and the idea of NRZ-I are combined into the ________ scheme.

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Q. In _______ encoding, the duration of the bit is divided into two halves. The voltage remains at one level during the first half and moves to the other level in the second half. The transition at the middle of the bit provides synchronization.

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Q. In ___________ there is always a transition at the middle of the bit, but the bit values are determined at the beginning of the bit. If the next bit is 0, there is a transition; if the next bit is 1, there is none.

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Q. In Manchester and differential Manchester encoding, the transition at the middle of the bit is used for __________.

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Q. The minimum bandwidth of Manchester and differential Manchester is ____ that of NRZ.

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Q. In _______encoding, we use three levels: positive, zero, and negative.

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Q. The _____ scheme uses data patterns of size 2 and encodes the 2-bit patterns as one signal element belonging to a four-level signal.

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Q. The ______ scheme uses three levels (+V, 0, and -V) and three transition rules to move between the levels.

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Q. ______ substitutes eight consecutive zeros with 000VB0VB.

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Q. ______ substitutes four consecutive zeros with 000V or B00V.

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