Q. In OSPF, when the link between two routers is broken, the administration may create a _________ link between them using a longer path that probably goes through several routers.

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Q. In ________ routing, we assume that there is one node (or more) in each autonomous system that acts on behalf of the entire autonomous system.

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Q. ___________ is an interdomain routing protocol using path vector routing.

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Q. To create a neighborhood relationship, a router running BGP sends an ________ message.

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Q. An area is _______.

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Q. A one-to-all communication between one source and all hosts on a network is classified as a _______ communication.

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Q. A one-to-many communication between one source and a specific group of hosts is classified as a _______ communication.

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Q. A one-to-one communication between one source and one destination is classified as a _______ communication.

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Q. In ______, the router forwards the received packet through only one of its interfaces.

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Q. In _______, the router may forward the received packet through several of its interfaces.

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Q. Emulation of ________ through ___________ is not efficient and may create long delays.

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Q. In unicast routing, each router in the domain has a table that defines a ______ path tree to possible destinations.

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Q. In multicast routing, each involved router needs to construct a ________ path tree for each group.

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Q. In the _______ tree approach, each router needs to have one shortest path tree for each group.

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Q. In the group-shared tree approach, _________ involved in multicasting.

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Q. Multicast link state routing uses the _______ tree approach.

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Q. The Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) protocol is an extension of the OSPF protocol that uses multicast routing to create source-based trees. The protocol is based on _______ routing.

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Q. MOSPF is a _______ protocol.

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Q. _________ broadcasts packets, but creates loops in the systems.

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Q. In RPF, a router forwards only the copy that has traveled the _______ path from the source to the router.

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