Q. A ______is the end-to-end portion of the network between two STS multiplexers.

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Q. The ______ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal from its optical source to its optical destination.

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Q. The ____ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal across a physical line.

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Q. The ______ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal across a physical section.

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Q. The _______ layer corresponds to the physical layer of the OSI model.

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Q. An STS multiplexer is a ______ device.

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Q. An add/drop multiplexer is a ______ device.

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Q. A regenerator is a ________ device.

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Q. In SONET, for each frame, the bytes are transmitted __________.

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Q. In SONET, for each byte, the bits are transmitted ____________.

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Q. Each ________in a SONET frame can carry a digitized voice channel.

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Q. Line overhead consists of ________ bytes.

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Q. The path overhead consists of ______ bytes.

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Q. In ________ APS, there are normally two lines: one working line and one protection line. Both lines are active all the time.

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Q. In ______ APS, there is one working line and one protection line. The data are normally sent on the working line until it fails.

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Q. In ________APS, there is only one protection line for many working lines. When a failure occurs in one of the working lines, the protection line takes control until the failed line is repaired.

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Q. A control character is sent at the beginning as well as at the end of each block in the synchronous-transmission in order to

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Q. Check sum is used for

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Q. When you store and forward messages in B-ISDN, you are using ................. services.

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Q. Which of the following signal is not standard RS-232-C signal?

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