Q. In ________ APS, there are normally two lines: one working line and one protection line. Both lines are active all the time.

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Q. In ______ APS, there is one working line and one protection line. The data are normally sent on the working line until it fails.

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Q. In ________APS, there is only one protection line for many working lines. When a failure occurs in one of the working lines, the protection line takes control until the failed line is repaired.

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Q. A control character is sent at the beginning as well as at the end of each block in the synchronous-transmission in order to

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Q. Check sum is used for

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Q. When you store and forward messages in B-ISDN, you are using ................. services.

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Q. Which of the following signal is not standard RS-232-C signal?

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Q. While transmitting odd-parity coded symbols, the number of zeros in each symbol is:

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Q. When the receiver sees five consecutive incoming '1' bits followed by a '0' bit it automatically destuffs ................... in bit stuffing.

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Q. If source machine sends independent frames to destination machine without having acknowledgment, this service is .................

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Q. SEND and RECEIVE primitives are called as ................. primitives.

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Q. CONNECT and DISCONNECT primitives are called as ..................... primitives.

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Q. The end points of a transport connection are called .....................

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Q. BSC stands for ..................

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Q. HDLC is an acronym for ....................

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Q. Sending of a IP packet from host 1 to host 2 where both are of same LAN but the packet is transferred through different intermediate LANs is called ..................

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Q. In CRC there is no error if the remainder at the receiver is _____.

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Q. Which of the following refers to the terms "residual error rate"?

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Q. Which of the following summation operations is performed on the bits to check an error-detecting code?

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Q. An error-detecting code inserted as a field in a block of data to be transmitted is known as

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