Q. What is the AWS Metadata service used for, and how might it be exploited by attackers?

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Q. What does Azure's Metadata service provide information about, and how might it be utilized by attackers?

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Q. What is one of the most common misconfigurations in cloud services that can lead to security issues?

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Q. What is a common area where penetration testers may find valuable data due to misconfigurations in cloud services?

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Q. When assessing an object store, what are some common things to look for?

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Q. In AWS, how can you check the permissions of an S3 bucket using the command line?

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Q. What type of attack focuses on secret keys and credentials to gain access to object storage buckets?

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Q. In a federation scenario between on-site Active Directory environments and Azure AD, what is commonly used for authentication and authorization?

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Q. What does federation allow organizations to do in the context of services?

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Q. Which type of cloud attack involves injecting malicious code into service or code pipelines or adding malicious tools into existing cloud infrastructure?

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Q. What is the primary goal of direct-to-origin (D2O) attacks in a cloud environment?

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Q. Why are penetration testers less likely to be asked to perform denial-of-service and resource exhaustion attacks in cloud environments?

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Q. What do side-channel attacks in cloud environments rely on?

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Q. What is ScoutSuite, and how does it gather configuration data for cloud penetration testing?

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Q. What is the primary purpose of CloudBrute in cloud penetration testing?

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Q. What is Pacu, and what specific capabilities does it offer for Amazon AWS penetration testing?

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Q. How does Cloud Custodian contribute to penetration testing, despite not being intended as a pentesting tool?

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Q. What role do native cloud software development kits (SDKs) play in cloud penetration testing?

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Q. What is the significance of mobile devices in network security, considering their place between organizationally owned and personally owned devices?

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Q. When scoping a penetration test involving mobile devices, why is it crucial to examine the organization's policies on mobile device ownership?

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