Q. What is VLAN hopping, and why is it considered an attractive opportunity for penetration testers?

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Q. How can a penetration tester exploit a network after gaining access?

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Q. How is double tagging utilized in VLAN hopping attacks?

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Q. What is a critical flaw of double tagging in VLAN hopping attacks?

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Q. In VLAN hopping using switch spoofing, what role does the attacking host play?

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Q. What is a requirement for switch spoofing to be successful?

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Q. Which tool in Kali Linux can be used for performing layer 2 attacks, including VLAN hopping attacks?

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Q. What is another term for DNS spoofing?

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Q. How does DNS cache poisoning work?

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Q. What is a potential method for penetration testers to achieve effects similar to DNS cache poisoning?

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Q. Why are DNS cache poisoning attacks less likely to be usefully exploitable for most penetration testers?

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Q. What is the primary objective of penetration testers in on-path attacks?

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Q. What is another term used for on-path attacks?

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Q. How does ARP spoofing work in conducting on-path attacks?

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Q. In the context of ARP spoofing, what can an attacker achieve by falsifying ARP messages on a local network?

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Q. Where is ARP spoofing effective, and what tool in Kali Linux can be used to conduct this attack?

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Q. What is the primary purpose of MAC address spoofing for a penetration tester?

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Q. What is a common use for replay attacks?

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Q. What is a specific type of replay attack that penetration testers commonly use?

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Q. What is the primary focus of relay attacks compared to other on-path attacks?

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