Q. What is critical for a penetration tester to monitor when conducting active reconnaissance activities to avoid detection?

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Q. What is a challenge for organizations in preventing passive information gathering?

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Q. What is one of the DNS protection techniques to prevent misuse of domain information in passive information gathering?

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Q. What is passive reconnaissance, often referred to as open source intelligence (OSINT)?

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Q. What is an example of a technique used in active reconnaissance?

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Q. What is described as an important element of active reconnaissance in information gathering?

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Q. Why is information gathering considered the foundation for each successive phase of a penetration test?

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Q. What is a skill that successful penetration testers must possess in relation to information gathering?

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Q. What is the primary characteristic of passive information gathering (OSINT)?

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Q. What types of information can be gathered as part of an OSINT effort in passive information gathering?

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Q. What does enumeration provide for penetration testers?

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Q. What is the purpose of active reconnaissance in a penetration test?

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Q. What is an important aspect of understanding how to gather information about applications in penetration tests?

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Q. Megan runs the following Nmap scan:
nmap -sU -sT -p 1-65535 example.com

What information will she not receive?

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Q. Tom wants to find metadata about an organization using a search engine. What tool from the following list should he use?

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Q. After running an Nmap scan of a system, Zarmeena discovers that TCP ports 139, 443, and 3389 are open. What operating system is she most likely to discover running on the system?

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Q. Charles runs an Nmap scan using the following command:
nmap -sT -sV -T2 -p 1-65535 example.com

After watching the scan run for over two hours, he realizes that he needs to optimize the scan. Which of the following is not a useful way to speed up his scan?

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Q. Karen identifies TCP ports 8080 and 8443 open on a remote system during a port scan. What tool is her best option to manually validate the services running on these ports?

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Q. Angela recovered a PNG image during the early intelligence-gathering phase of a penetration test and wants to examine it for useful metadata. What tool could she most successfully use to do this?

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Q. During an Nmap scan, Casey uses the -O flag. The scan identifies the host as follows:
Running: Linux 2.6.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6
OS details: Linux 2.6.9 - 2.6.33

What can she determine from this information?

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