Q. What is one of the DNS protection techniques to prevent misuse of domain information in passive information gathering?

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Q. What is passive reconnaissance, often referred to as open source intelligence (OSINT)?

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Q. What is an example of a technique used in active reconnaissance?

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Q. What is described as an important element of active reconnaissance in information gathering?

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Q. Why is information gathering considered the foundation for each successive phase of a penetration test?

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Q. What is a skill that successful penetration testers must possess in relation to information gathering?

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Q. What is the primary characteristic of passive information gathering (OSINT)?

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Q. What types of information can be gathered as part of an OSINT effort in passive information gathering?

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Q. What does enumeration provide for penetration testers?

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Q. What is the purpose of active reconnaissance in a penetration test?

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Q. What is an important aspect of understanding how to gather information about applications in penetration tests?

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Q. Megan runs the following Nmap scan:
nmap -sU -sT -p 1-65535 example.com

What information will she not receive?

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Q. Tom wants to find metadata about an organization using a search engine. What tool from the following list should he use?

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Q. After running an Nmap scan of a system, Zarmeena discovers that TCP ports 139, 443, and 3389 are open. What operating system is she most likely to discover running on the system?

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Q. Charles runs an Nmap scan using the following command:
nmap -sT -sV -T2 -p 1-65535 example.com

After watching the scan run for over two hours, he realizes that he needs to optimize the scan. Which of the following is not a useful way to speed up his scan?

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Q. Karen identifies TCP ports 8080 and 8443 open on a remote system during a port scan. What tool is her best option to manually validate the services running on these ports?

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Q. Angela recovered a PNG image during the early intelligence-gathering phase of a penetration test and wants to examine it for useful metadata. What tool could she most successfully use to do this?

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Q. During an Nmap scan, Casey uses the -O flag. The scan identifies the host as follows:
Running: Linux 2.6.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6
OS details: Linux 2.6.9 - 2.6.33

What can she determine from this information?

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Q. What is the full range of ports that a UDP service can run on?

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Q. Steve is working from an unprivileged user account that was obtained as part of a penetration test. He has discovered that the host he is on has Nmap installed, and he wants to scan other hosts in his subnet to identify potential targets as part of a pivot attempt. What Nmap flag will Steve probably have to use to successfully scan hosts from this account?

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