Q. What is "congruence" in the context of dialog modeling?

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Q. How does Task–action grammar (TAG) address the issue of user language and world knowledge?

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Q. What are the main challenges posed by display-based systems for traditional goal hierarchical and grammar-based techniques?

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Q. What is the implicit assumption about users' knowledge in traditional techniques?

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Q. In the context of grammar-based techniques, what is the challenge associated with the lowest-level lexical structure?

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Q. How can the problem of recognizing the meaning of clicking at a specific point on the screen be partially resolved?

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Q. What are the concerns with using goal hierarchy methods for display-oriented systems?

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Q. What do situated action and distributed cognition emphasize in human-computer interaction?

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Q. What is a characteristic of chunked expert behavior?

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Q. Which level of cognitive modeling can effectively capture the activity during creative tasks like writing a poem?

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Q. What must cognitive models consider to address the issue of interactivity effectively?

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Q. What is the primary focus of the Keystroke-Level Model (KLM)?

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Q. In the Keystroke-Level Model, how is the execution phase of a task divided?

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Q. Which operator in KLM involves moving the mouse (or similar device) to a target?

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Q. What does the model predict for the total time taken during the execution phase of a task?

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Q. Which operator in KLM represents mentally preparing for a physical action?

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Q. In the KLM calculations, what does tK represent?

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Q. What is the purpose of the response time operator (R) in the Keystroke-Level Model?

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Q. When might the response time operator (R) be ignored?

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Q. What is the primary difference between KLM and GOMS models?

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