Q. __________ is increasingly being used in server systems to improve performance by caching frequently used data, since it provides faster access than disk, with larger storage capacity than main memory.

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Q. Which is the cheapest memory device in terms of costs/bit ?

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Q. The primary medium for the long-term online storage of data is the __________ where the entire database is stored on magnetic disk.

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Q. Optical disk _______ systems contain a few drives and numerous disks that can be loaded into one of the drives automatically (by a robot arm) on demand.

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Q. There are “record-once” versions of compact disk and digital video disk, which can be written only once; such disks are also called __________ disks.

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Q. Tape storage is referred to as __________ storage.

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Q. In magnetic disk ________ stores information on a sector magnetically as reversals of the direction of magnetization of the magnetic material.

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Q. A __________ is the smallest unit of information that can be read from or written to the disk.

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Q. The disk platters mounted on a spindle and the heads mounted on a disk arm are together known as ___________

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Q. The disk controller uses ________ at each sector to ensure that the data is not corrupted on data retrieval.

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Q. _________ is the time from when a read or write request is issued to when data transfer begins.

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Q. The time for repositioning the arm is called the ________ and it increases with the distance that the arm must move.

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Q. _________ is around one-half of the maximum seek time.

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Q. Once the head has reached the desired track, the time spent waiting for the sector to be accessed to appear under the head is called the _______________

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Q. In Flash memory, the erase operation can be performed on a number of pages, called an _______ at once, and takes about 1 to 2 milliseconds.

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Q. Hybrid disk drives are hard-disk systems that combine magnetic storage with a smaller amount of flash memory, which is used as a cache for frequently accessed data.

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Q. ______________ partitiones data and parity among all N+1 disks, instead of storing data in N-disks and parity in one disk.

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Q. Hardware RAID implementations permit _________ that is, faulty disks can be removed and replaced by new ones without turning power off.

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Q. ______________ which increases the number of I/O operations needed to write a single logical block, pays a significant time penalty in terms of write performance.

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Q. A unit of storage that can store one or more records in a hash file organization is denoted as

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