Q. The effective bandwidth delivered end-to-end by the network to an application is upper bounded by the minimum across all three potential bottleneck areas:

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Q. Aggregate bandwidth refers to the total data bandwidth supplied by the network, and

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Q. In a switch pipeline, a single packet header indicates how to process all of the internal data path physical transfer units also known as

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Q. Some network interfaces include extra hardware to offload protocol processing from the host computer, such as

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Q. Packets that lose arbitration have to be buffered, which increases packet latency by some

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Q. Schemes that reduce traffic when the collective traffic of all nodes is too large for the network to handle, refers to

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Q. Many network interface cards implement hardware timers as well as hardware support to split messages into packets and reassemble them, compute the

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Q. When the number of switch ports is equal to or larger than the number of devices, this simple network is refered to as

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Q. Distributing the network switches among the end nodes, which then become

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Q. To pipeline packet transmission across the circuit using staging at each hop along the path, a technique known as

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Q. No blocking occurs as links are not shared among paths to unique destinations, the crossbar, therefore, is

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Q. No more than three nodes in a commercial systems are known as

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Q. When requested network paths are available for packets, it is known as

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Q. The sum of time of flight and transmission time, is called a

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Q. The time for the packet to pass through the network, not including time of flight is known as

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Q. The routing information usually consists of the destination address, for

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Q. New topologies that could reduce the number of switches through which packets must traverse, referred to as the

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Q. The end node is busy for the entire time, hence the use of the term

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Q. In the network, when ports remain free at the other side of the network but can be used for later expansion of the network to larger sizes. These kind of networks are referred to as

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Q. If the receiving overhead is greater than the sending overhead and the receiver cannot process incoming packets fast enough, then it is called a

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