Q. The graft message forces the upstream router to resume sending the

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Q. The telephone line is an example of

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Q. In the shortest path tree, root of a tree is a

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Q. In Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) terminology, a connection is called a

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Q. If the path from A to B is the shortest, then it is also the shortest from

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Q. In classless addressing, we need at least

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Q. We can create a sense of hierarchy in the routing tables, to solve the problems of

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Q. The designated parent router can be the router with the shortest path to the

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Q. In Unicast Routing, the first column in Routing Table defines the

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Q. In a stub link, the link is

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Q. If the multicast packet has just came from the hop defined in the table, the packet has traveled the

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Q. Reverse Path Broadcasting (RPB) guarantees each network receives a copy of the multicast packet without formation of

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Q. In distance vector routing, each node shares its routing table with its

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Q. In path vector routing, the Internet is divided into hierarchical domains called

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Q. In Unicast Routing, the timer set for periodic dissemination is normally in the range of

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Q. In Unicast Routing, link state routing has a different philosophy from that of

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Q. Multicast Link State Routing is a direct extension of

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Q. The router sends a prune message to the upstream router so that it can exclude the corresponding

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Q. A dynamic routing table is updated periodically by using one of the dynamic routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF, or

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Q. A combination of rules and procedures that lets routers in the internet inform each other of changes, is

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