Q. The standard polynomial that is used by the popular protocol of CRC-16 for the

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Q. The Internet has been using a checksum of

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Q. A pattern of 0s and 1s can be represented as a

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Q. Forward error correction is possible when the number of errors is

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Q. Any coding scheme needs to have at least the parameters of

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Q. Single-bit errors are the least likely type of error in

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Q. In a cyclic code, generator polynomial is actually the

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Q. There are two main methods of

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Q. The cyclic redundancy check is used in

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Q. In error detection and correction process, we use geometric approach to define

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Q. The received code word of the cyclic code is the sum of the sent code word and the

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Q. In a cyclic code, the decoder is failed to detect any error, when syndrome is

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Q. What is the maximum effect of a 2-ms burst of noise on data transmitted for 12 kbps

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Q. The divisor line and XOR are missing if the corresponding bit in the divisor is

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Q. The unsigned representation of numbers by one's complement can represent

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Q. The checksum is used in the Internet by several protocols although not at the

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Q. A simple parity-check code can detect

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Q. The hamming distance can easily be found if we apply the

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Q. In subtraction of modulo-2 arithmetic, 0-1 =

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Q. In modulo-N arithmetic, we use only the integers in the range

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