#include <new>
    #include<cstdlib>
    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    class X;
    struct Node 
    {
        X* data;
        bool filled;
        Node() : filled(false) { }
    };
    class X 
    {
        static Node buffer[];
        public:
        int number;
        enum { size = 3};
        void* operator new(size_t sz) throw (const char*)
        {
            void* p = malloc(sz);
            if (sz == 0)
                throw "Error: malloc() failed";
            cout << "X :: operator new(size_t)" << endl;
            return p;
        }
        void *operator new(size_t sz, int location) throw (const char*) 
        {
            cout << "X :: operator new(size_t, " << location << ")" << endl;
            void* p = 0;
            if (location < 0 || location >= size || buffer[location].filled == true)
            {
                throw "Error: buffer location occupied";
            }
            else 
            {
                p = malloc(sizeof(X));
                if (p == 0) 
                    throw "Error: Creating X object failed";
                buffer[location].filled = true;
                buffer[location].data = (X*) p;
            }
            return p;
        }
        static void printbuffer() 
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 
            {
                cout << buffer[i].data->number << endl;
            }
        } 
    };
    Node X::buffer[size];
    int main()
    {
        try 
        {
            X* ptr1 = new X;
            X* ptr2 = new(0) X;
            X* ptr3 = new(1) X;
            X* ptr4 = new(2) X;
            ptr2->number = 10000;
            ptr3->number = 10001;
            ptr4->number = 10002;
            X :: printbuffer();
            X* ptr5 = new(0) X;
        }
        catch (const char* message) 
        {
            cout << message << endl;
        }
    }