Q. _________ is a characteristic that a flow needs. Lack of it means losing a packet or acknowledgment, which entails retransmission.

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Q. _______ is a flow characteristic that applications can tolerate in different degrees.

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Q. ________ is the variation in delay for packets belonging to the same flow.

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Q. In ________, queuing packets wait in a buffer (queue) until the node (router or switch) is ready to process them.

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Q. In ________ queuing, packets are first assigned to a priority class. Each class has its own queue.

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Q. In _________ queuing, the packets are assigned to different classes and admitted to different queues. The queues, however, are weighted based on the priority of the queues; higher priority means a higher weight. The system processes packets in each queue in a round-robin fashion with the number of packets selected from each queue based on the corresponding weight.

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Q. In the ______ bucket algorithm, bursty chunks are stored in the bucket and sent out at an average rate.

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Q. The _______ bucket algorithm allows idle hosts to accumulate credit for the future in the form of tokens.

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Q. In _________, when a source makes a reservation, it needs to define a flow specification.

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Q. _________ is a class-based QoS model designed for IP.

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Q. In Frame Relay, the user can never exceed the_________.

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Q. In Frame Relay, a ___________ is the maximum number of bits in a predefined time that the network is committed to transfer without discarding any frame or setting the DE bit.

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Q. In Frame Relay, the _____________ defines an average rate in bits per second.

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Q. In Frame Relay, the ___________ is the maximum number of bits in excess of Bc that a user can send during a predefined time.

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Q. In ATM, the _________ class is designed for customers who need real-time audio or video services. The service is similar to that provided by a dedicated line such as a T line.

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Q. In ATM, the _________ class is divided into two subclasses: real-time (VBR-RT) and non-real-time (VBR-NRT). VBR-RT is designed for those users who need real-time services (such as voice and video transmission) and use compression techniques to create a variable bit rate. VBR-NRT is designed for those users who do not need real-time services but use compression techniques to create a variable bit rate.

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Q. In ATM, the _________ class delivers cells at a minimum rate. If more network capacity is available, this minimum rate can be exceeded.

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Q. In ATM, the _________ class is a best-effort delivery service that does not guarantee anything.

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Q. The service of closed loop congestion control technique is ..................

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Q. The solution to increase the capacity when congestion occurs is .....................

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