Q. How can vulnerability scanners and web application security tools complement application fingerprinting?

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Q. Why are exposed APIs considered valuable in penetration testing?

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Q. How can Nmap be used for certificate enumeration?

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Q. What information can be obtained through certificate enumeration in penetration testing?

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Q. What are JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) commonly used for in web applications?

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Q. Why are tokens a target for penetration testers?

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Q. What is the scoping of tokens in penetration testing?

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Q. Why is acquiring a token without scoping limitations a likely goal for penetration testers?

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Q. What is the significance of issuing a token in the token life cycle for penetration testers?

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Q. Why does token revocation create challenges for penetration testers?

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Q. How do penetration testers often conduct token-based attacks?

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Q. What is the challenge in discovering third-party–hosted assets in penetration testing?

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Q. Which tool can assist penetration testers in discovering a target's cloud infrastructure for infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) providers like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft?

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Q. What information can penetration testers gain by discovering storage buckets and applications in cloud environments?

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Q. What is a common challenge faced by penetration testers when performing discovery in environments hosted by third parties or cloud service providers?

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Q. Why is scoping more complex for modern penetration testers when compared to pentesters in the past?

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Q. Why is analyzing code as part of an enumeration and information-gathering exercise important for penetration testers?

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Q. Where is the most accessible information often found in code?

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Q. What utility can be used in Linux to recover text strings from compiled code?

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Q. In malware analysis, what utility is often useful once malware has been decoded from various packing methods that attempt to obfuscate the code?

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